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Memory impairment in aged primates is associated with region-specific network dysfunction.

A Thomé1,2, D T Gray1,2, C A Erickson1,3

  • 1Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Molecular Psychiatry
|October 28, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impairs memory by affecting brain networks. In aged monkeys, reduced inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus correlated with increased neuron excitability, impacting memory function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Cognitive Decline

Background:

  • Episodic memory decline in aging is linked to medial temporal lobe changes, not widespread neuron loss.
  • Rodent studies suggest inhibitory interneurons are vulnerable in aging.
  • The balance of excitatory and inhibitory transmission is crucial for memory encoding and retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate if aging disrupts excitatory-inhibitory balance in non-human primate brains.
  • Determine if this disruption affects network function and behavior in aged primates.
  • Examine changes in the medial temporal lobe of cognitively assessed, aged rhesus macaques.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale electrophysiological recordings in aged rhesus macaques.
  • Cell-type-specific imaging in the medial temporal lobe.
  • Cognitive assessments of aged rhesus macaques.

Main Results:

  • Hippocampal region CA3 neuron excitability negatively correlated with somatostatin-expressing interneuron density.
  • No hyperexcitability or interneuron loss observed in the perirhinal cortex of aged monkeys.
  • Linked selective increase in principal cell excitability to decline in interneurons regulating network inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Aging disrupts the balance of neural excitation and inhibition in the hippocampus.
  • This imbalance is associated with memory impairment in aged non-human primates.
  • Selective loss of specific interneuron populations may underlie age-related memory deficits.