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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Neighborhood Integration and Connectivity Predict Cognitive Performance and Decline.

Amber Watts¹, Farhana Ferdous¹, Keith Diaz Moore²

¹University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA.

Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine

|October 28, 2015

Summary

Neighborhood characteristics like integration and connectivity are linked to cognitive function in older adults, including those with Alzheimer's disease (AD). These factors influence cognitive decline over time, independent of walking habits.

Keywords:

Alzheimer's disease cognitive decline neighborhood walking

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Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Gerontology and Cognitive Neuroscience
Urban Planning and Public Health

Background:

Limited research exists on how neighborhood characteristics affect cognitive function in older adults, particularly those with cognitive impairment.
Understanding environmental influences on cognition is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of neighborhood characteristics on cognitive function and decline in older adults over a two-year period.
To investigate the role of neighborhood integration and connectivity in relation to cognitive health, adjusting for physical activity levels.

Main Methods:

A study involving 64 older adults, with and without mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), was conducted.
Neighborhood integration and connectivity were assessed using geographical information systems (GIS) data and space syntax analysis.
Multiple regression analyses predicted 2-year cognitive decline (attention, verbal memory, mental status) while controlling for age, sex, education, and self-reported walking.

Main Results:

Neighborhood integration and connectivity were significant predictors of baseline cognitive performance.
These neighborhood characteristics also predicted changes in cognitive performance over the two-year study period.
The association between neighborhood features and cognitive outcomes was not solely explained by self-reported walking.

Conclusions:

Specific neighborhood characteristics promoting walkability need clearer definition to elucidate mechanisms impacting cognitive outcomes.
Findings suggest implications for measuring neighborhood attributes, urban design, and interventions aimed at increasing walking in older populations.
Future research should focus on refined methods for measuring neighborhood characteristics and their relationship with cognitive function.