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Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

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On Relationships Between Fixation Identification Algorithms and Fractal Box Counting Methods.

Quan Wang¹, Elizabeth Kim¹, Katarzyna Chawarska¹

¹Child Study Center, Yale University.

Proceedings. Eye Tracking Research & Applications Symposium

|October 28, 2015

Summary

Current eye-tracking fixation algorithms are unstable. This study reveals human gaze patterns exhibit fractal dimensionality, suggesting scale-free behaviors may explain algorithm limitations and offering new analytical approaches.

Keywords:

Characterization and analysis Pupil dynamics Scan path comparison Scanning strategies

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Science
Neuroscience
Computer Vision

Background:

Eye-tracking analysis relies on fixation identification algorithms for data interpretation.
Existing algorithms are parameter-dependent, causing result variability and incomplete reporting.
Human visual scanning patterns during complex scene viewing require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the inherent structure of human scanning patterns during complex scene viewing.
To investigate the relationship between fixation identification algorithms and fractal geometry.
To explore scale-free gaze behaviors across different age groups and visual stimuli.

Main Methods:

Demonstrated functional equivalence between the distance-dispersion algorithm and greedy spatiotemporal tiling.
Modeled the number of fixations as a function of tiling size to derive fractal dimensionality via box counting.
Applied fractal analysis to eye-tracking data from toddlers and adults viewing images and movies.

Main Results:

Human scanning patterns during complex scene viewing exhibit fractal dimensionality.
The number of fixations scales with tiling size, consistent with fractal behavior.
Scale-free gaze distributions may underlie the observed limitations in standard fixation algorithms.

Conclusions:

Human gaze patterns during free scanning possess a fractal structure.
The scale-free nature of gaze distributions explains the inherent incompleteness of current fixation algorithms.
Fractal analysis offers a promising avenue for more robust and complete eye-tracking data interpretation.