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    Direct solar absorption using carbon nanohorn nanofluids offers improved solar thermal collector efficiency. This study models fluid dynamics and heat transfer for optimized solar energy capture.

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    Area of Science:

    • Solar Energy Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • Traditional solar thermal collectors use metal absorbers, limiting efficiency.
    • Direct absorption systems offer improved performance by heating the fluid directly.
    • Nanofluids, like carbon nanohorns, enhance solar absorption properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To model and analyze direct solar absorption in nanofluids within a cylindrical tube.
    • To investigate the impact of carbon nanohorn nanofluids on solar thermal collector performance.
    • To couple optical absorption with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for thermal analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a three-dimensional model for solar absorption phenomena in nanofluids.
    • Integrated measured optical properties of nanofluids at various concentrations.
    • Employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze flow and temperature fields.
    • Accounted for heat losses from conduction, convection, and radiation.

    Main Results:

    • The study provides a comprehensive model for direct solar absorption in nanofluids.
    • CFD analysis reveals detailed flow and temperature distributions within the collector.
    • The model incorporates experimentally determined optical properties for accuracy.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct solar absorption with carbon nanohorn nanofluids is a promising approach for efficient solar thermal energy conversion.
    • The developed CFD model provides valuable insights into optimizing solar collector design.
    • Carbon nanohorns present a low-toxicity, high-performance option for advanced solar absorbers.