Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

47
Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
47
Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics01:28

Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics

64
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. Due to its chemical stability and durability, PET accumulates in the environment, contributing significantly to plastic pollution. It comprises repeating units of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a semi-crystalline structure that is resistant to natural degradation processes.A notable breakthrough in plastic biodegradation came with the...
64
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.7K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
2.7K
Production of Organic Acids01:25

Production of Organic Acids

64
Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
64
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

10.3K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
10.3K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

4.1K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mind the Porins: Differential Effects of Porin Knockouts and Overexpression on Glucose and Xylose Uptake and Utilization in Pseudomonas putida.

Microbial biotechnology·2026
Same author

Integrated control of redox and energy metabolism by the membrane-bound and soluble transhydrogenases of Pseudomonas putida across metabolic regimes.

Cell systems·2026
Same author

Iterative precursor rebalancing improves phenazine-1-carboxylic acid production in engineered Pseudomonas chlororaphis.

Bioresource technology·2026
Same author

Cascading recombinase memory switch for programmable and stable gene expression in Pseudomonas putida.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Natural and Synthetic Metabolic Architectures.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2026
Same author

Pseudomonas vancouverensis as a platform for one-carbon (C<sub>1</sub>) assimilation and polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation.

Metabolic engineering·2026
Same journal

Investigative leads and individualization through forensically relevant human commensal microbiome.

Advances in applied microbiology·2026
Same journal

Alpha and beta radioactivity in mushrooms.

Advances in applied microbiology·2026
Same journal

Pathobiology of Mycobacterium fortuitum and NTM biofilms: spotlight on emerging therapeutic horizons.

Advances in applied microbiology·2026
Same journal

Understanding biofilm formation in acidophilic bioleaching microorganisms: Advances and challenges.

Advances in applied microbiology·2026
Same journal

Research advances in yellow pigments derived from Monascus, an edible filamentous fungus.

Advances in applied microbiology·2025
Same journal

Microbial synthesis of serotonin and melatonin.

Advances in applied microbiology·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste
08:14

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste

Published on: July 18, 2025

1.6K

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Much More than Biodegradable Plastics.

Nancy I López1, M Julia Pettinari1, Pablo I Nikel2

  • 1Departamento de Química Biológica and Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Advances in Applied Microbiology
|October 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are versatile bioplastics produced under nutrient stress. Their synthesis and degradation are crucial for bacterial survival, global regulation, and environmental applications like bioremediation.

Keywords:
BacteriaBacterial ecologyCentral metabolismGlobal regulationPolyhydroxyalkanoates

More Related Videos

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture
13:38

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture

Published on: May 10, 2013

31.7K
Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
10:22

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

4.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste
08:14

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste

Published on: July 18, 2025

1.6K
Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture
13:38

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture

Published on: May 10, 2013

31.7K
Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
10:22

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

4.0K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are carbon and energy storage biopolymers.
  • PHAs possess thermoplastic and elastomeric properties, offering sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics.
  • PHA accumulation occurs under nutritional imbalance, typically excess carbon with limited nitrogen or phosphorus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex regulation of PHA synthesis and degradation at multiple biological levels.
  • To explore the ecological significance of PHAs in bacterial physiology and environmental interactions.
  • To highlight environmental applications of PHA accumulation, including bioremediation and plant growth promotion.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of transcriptional, translational, and metabolic regulation of PHA pathways.
  • Examination of PHA roles in bacterial cell survival and stress resistance.
  • Review of studies on natural PHA producers (e.g., Pseudomonas) and recombinant strains (e.g., E. coli).

Main Results:

  • PHA synthesis and degradation are integral to bacterial central metabolism and cell survival.
  • PHA accumulation influences bacterial lifestyle, including biofilm formation and stress resistance.
  • PHA's ecological roles and interactions with other cellular components are increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

  • The regulation of PHA metabolism is complex, involving transcriptional, translational, and metabolic controls.
  • PHAs are vital for bacterial adaptation to environmental stress and survival.
  • PHA biopolymers hold significant potential for diverse environmental and industrial applications.