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Submersion cases in The Netherlands.

J J Bierens1, E A van der Velde, M van Berkel

  • 1Intensive and Respiratory Care Unit, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.

Annals of Emergency Medicine
|April 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Submersion incidents, often linked to accidents, illness, or psychosocial factors, have varied outcomes. Young age and recreational settings are associated with better prognoses for drowning victims.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Submersion incidents pose a significant public health challenge.
  • Understanding the multifactorial causes and outcomes of submersion is crucial for prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an epidemiologic analysis of submersion cases.
  • To identify predisposing factors and prognostic indicators for submersion victims.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of submersion cases admitted to intensive and respiratory care units.
  • Comparison of national submersion data.
  • Utilizing WHO-ICD code 994.1 for epidemiologic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Accidents and traffic incidents accounted for one-third of submersion causes.

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  • Illness (29.9%), psychosocial factors (20.1%), alcohol (18.1%), and suicide (9.1%) were other significant causes.
  • Favorable prognostic factors included young age, recreational submersion, summer months, and normothermia.

    • Conclusions:

    • Submersion is multifactorial, with diverse risk factors and outcomes.
    • Epidemiologic data highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies.
    • National data reveal a substantial burden of submersion deaths and hospital admissions in The Netherlands.