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Cross-reactivity

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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

Vaccine Production

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

Diphtheria

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

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Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1

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DENGUE VACCINES.

Usa Thisyakorn, Chule Thisyakorn

The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health

|October 29, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Developing effective dengue vaccines is challenging due to virus diversity. A leading tetravalent chimeric vaccine (CYD-TDV) is in Phase 3 trials, with other candidates in earlier development stages.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

Dengue viruses (DENVs) present unique challenges for vaccine development due to disease spectrum variability.
The complexity of DENVs has historically hindered the creation of effective vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of dengue vaccine candidates undergoing clinical and preclinical evaluation.
To highlight the progress and diverse technological approaches in dengue vaccine research.

Main Methods:

Review of ongoing clinical trials and preclinical studies for dengue vaccine candidates.
Analysis of different vaccine platforms, including live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, virus-vectored, and Virus-Like Particle (VLP) based vaccines.

Main Results:

A live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine (CYD-TDV) is the most advanced candidate, currently in Phase 3 efficacy studies.
Multiple other vaccine types, including live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and inactivated vaccines, are in earlier clinical development.
Novel approaches like virus-vectored and VLP-based vaccines are under preclinical investigation.

Conclusions:

Significant progress is being made in dengue vaccine development, with diverse strategies being explored.
The advancement of CYD-TDV to Phase 3 trials represents a key milestone in combating dengue fever.
Continued research and development across various platforms are crucial for a comprehensive dengue prevention strategy.