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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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Can CO<sub>2</sub> Be a Savior for Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Candidates with Renal Dysfunction? Critical Tips for Safe CO<sub>2</sub> Angiography.

Vascular specialist international·2020
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Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
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Carbon Dioxide Angiography: Scientific Principles and Practice.

Kyung Jae Cho1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Health System, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Vascular Specialist International
|October 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Carbon dioxide (CO2) angiography offers a safe alternative contrast agent, especially for patients with kidney issues or allergies. Understanding CO2

Keywords:
AngiographyCarbon dioxideContrast mediumContrast-induced nephropathyRenal failure

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Imaging and Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a naturally occurring gas with unique physical properties.
  • Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) enables CO2 use as a contrast agent.
  • Iodinated contrast media pose risks like renal toxicity and allergic reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight Carbon dioxide (CO2) as a safe and effective alternative contrast agent in angiography.
  • To discuss the essential physical properties of CO2 for successful angiograms.
  • To outline indications and contraindications for CO2 angiography.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the unique physical properties of CO2 (solubility, viscosity, buoyancy, compressibility) for imaging.
  • Employing CO2 as a negative contrast agent, displacing blood for DSA.
  • Careful catheterization techniques and avoidance of air contamination.

Main Results:

  • CO2 demonstrates a lack of renal toxicity and allergic potential.
  • It is a preferred agent for patients with renal failure, contrast allergy, or requiring large contrast volumes.
  • Successful applications include aortography, venography, and endovascular interventions.

Conclusions:

  • CO2 is a valuable and safe alternative contrast agent in various angiographic procedures.
  • Understanding CO2 properties is crucial for effective utilization and guiding interventions.
  • Contraindications include thoracic aorta, coronary, and cerebral circulation.