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Innate and adaptive dendritic cell responses to immunotherapy
Mark Gorelik1, Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
1aDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore bLaboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|October 29, 2015
Summary
Immunotherapy, including sublingual and oral forms, reprograms dendritic cells to reduce allergic responses. These treatments promote immune tolerance by altering T helper cell differentiation and enhancing regulatory cell function.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Allergy Research
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Dendritic cells are key regulators of immune responses in allergic diseases.
- They influence the balance between T helper 2 (TH2) effector cells and T-regulatory cells.
- Understanding how immunotherapy affects dendritic cells is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding how current immunotherapies modulate dendritic cell responses.
- To explore the impact of different immunotherapy routes on dendritic cell function and immune outcomes.
- To identify strategies for enhancing immunotherapy efficacy by targeting dendritic cells.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on immunotherapy and dendritic cell function.
- Analysis of studies investigating sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), oral immunotherapy (OIT), and epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT).
- Examination of research on the role of dendritic cells in innate and adaptive immune modulation during immunotherapy.
Main Results:
- SLIT and OIT alter dendritic cell costimulatory molecules, reducing TH2 effector cytokines non-specifically.
- These therapies modulate innate immune responses to Toll-like receptor agonists, promoting tolerance.
- Dendritic cells from OIT patients induce FOXP3 hypomethylation in T cells, linked to sustained desensitization.
- B cells and epicutaneous immunotherapy also influence tolerogenic dendritic cell populations.
Conclusions:
- Dendritic cells are a critical target for immunotherapy in allergic diseases.
- Immunotherapy-induced alterations in both adaptive and innate immunity contribute to its immunosuppressive effects.
- Targeting dendritic cell function offers promising strategies for enhancing immunotherapy efficacy.
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