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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane01:27

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The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

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Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

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Structural basis for phosphatidylinositol-phosphate biosynthesis.

Oliver B Clarke1, David Tomasek2, Carla D Jorge3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Nature Communications
|October 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers elucidated the structure of phosphatidylinositol-phosphate synthase, revealing key insights into phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. This discovery offers a framework for understanding this vital cellular process.

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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Phosphatidylinositol is essential for cell membrane functions and intracellular signaling.
  • CDP-alcohol phosphotransferases catalyze the rate-limiting step in phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the structure of phosphatidylinositol-phosphate synthase from Renibacterium salmoninarum.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of substrate binding and catalysis in phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography was used to obtain structures of the enzyme.
  • Functional characterization of a related enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was performed.

Main Results:

  • The structures revealed the location of the acceptor site and determinants of substrate specificity.
  • The enzyme binds CDP-diacylglycerol, a key substrate in the reaction.
  • Functional data supported the proposed catalytic mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a structural and functional framework for understanding phosphatidylinositol-phosphate biosynthesis.
  • Insights into the enzyme's mechanism could inform drug development, particularly for tuberculosis.