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Ankle Joint01:10

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

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Subtalar joint instability.

Thomas Mittlmeier1, Alice Wichelhaus2

  • 1Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Abt. für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055, Rostock, Germany. thomas.mittlmeier@med.uni-rostock.de.

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : Official Publication of the European Trauma Society
|October 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subtalar joint instability is often misdiagnosed as ankle instability. Accurate diagnosis and treatment, including arthroscopy and ligament reconstruction, are crucial for restoring hindfoot alignment and function.

Keywords:
Fibulocalcaneal ligamentInterosseous talocalcaneal ligamentSubtalar instabilitySubtalar jointSurgical reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Subtalar joint instability is frequently misdiagnosed or overlooked.
  • It is often erroneously diagnosed as ankle joint instability.
  • This condition requires specific diagnostic and treatment considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current diagnostic and treatment strategies for subtalar joint instability.
  • To differentiate subtalar joint instability from other hindfoot and ankle conditions.
  • To provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in managing this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment often yields inconclusive results for subtalar joint instability.
  • Diagnostic imaging includes weight-bearing X-rays, stress radiography, CT, and MRI.
  • Detailed classification of hindfoot deformities and ligamentous injuries is essential.

Main Results:

  • Hindfoot deformities and combined ankle ligament complex injuries can contribute to subtalar instability.
  • Acute subtalar lesions have simple and effective treatment options.
  • Chronic subtalar instability is sometimes misdiagnosed as sinus tarsi syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Subtalar joint arthroscopy aids in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Restoration of physiological hindfoot alignment is key.
  • Anatomical ligamentous reconstruction promotes good functional recovery.