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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Attention Modulates TMS-Locked Alpha Oscillations in the Visual Cortex.

Jim D Herring1, Gregor Thut2, Ole Jensen1

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|October 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can evoke brain oscillations similar to spontaneous ones. This study shows TMS-evoked and spontaneous alpha oscillations are modulated by attention, suggesting common neural origins.

Keywords:
TMS-EEGTMS-evoked potentialalpha oscillationsauditory attentiontranscranial magnetic stimulationvisual attention

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Oscillations

Background:

  • Cortical oscillations, like alpha-band activity (8-12 Hz), are crucial for information processing in the human brain.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can externally drive these oscillations, but whether TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) share neuronal mechanisms with spontaneous oscillations is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if TMS-locked and spontaneous alpha oscillations are modulated similarly by endogenous attention.
  • To determine if TMS-locked oscillations and TEP components reflect common neurophysiological mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a cross-modal attention task, attending to visual or auditory stimuli.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) and TMS were used to measure alpha-like responses in the visual cortex during high and low visual attention.
  • TMS-locked and spontaneous alpha power, as well as early TEP components (e.g., N40), were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A TMS-locked alpha oscillation was observed following TMS, distinct from sham stimulation.
  • TMS-locked alpha power decreased with visual attention, mirroring spontaneous alpha modulation.
  • The N40 TEP component was amplified by visual attention, with modulation correlating with individual spontaneous alpha regulation.

Conclusions:

  • TMS-locked and spontaneous alpha oscillations likely originate from common neurophysiological mechanisms.
  • The N40 TEP component may indicate cortical excitability at the time of TMS.
  • Attention dynamically modulates neural activity, affecting both spontaneous and evoked oscillations.