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Eosinophils and human disease.

G J Gleich1, E A Ottesen, K M Leiferman

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minn.

International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
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Eosinophils, key immune cells, can damage targets during infections and allergic diseases. This review focuses on their role in onchocerciasis, hypersensitivity, and pregnancy.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Eosinophils are leukocytes containing toxic cationic proteins and capable of respiratory bursts.
  • These properties enable eosinophils to damage various targets.
  • Evidence suggests eosinophil involvement in helminth infections and hypersensitivity diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the likely roles of eosinophil leukocytes in human disease.
  • To specifically discuss the eosinophil's role in human onchocerciasis, including the Mazzotti reaction.
  • To examine other diseases featuring eosinophil degranulation, particularly cutaneous conditions, and the potential role of granule major basic protein in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of eosinophil functions in human diseases.
  • Focus on specific conditions: onchocerciasis, hypersensitivity diseases, cutaneous diseases, and pregnancy.

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Main Results:

  • Eosinophils possess mechanisms for target damage via cationic proteins and respiratory bursts.
  • Eosinophil degranulation is observed in helminth infections, hypersensitivity, and various cutaneous diseases.
  • The Mazzotti reaction in onchocerciasis involves eosinophils.
  • Potential roles for eosinophil granule major basic protein in human pregnancy are noted.

Conclusions:

  • Eosinophils play significant roles in host defense and disease pathogenesis.
  • Their cytotoxic capabilities are implicated in helminth infections and allergic/cutaneous conditions.
  • Further research is warranted on eosinophil involvement in pregnancy.