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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

3.0K
Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

466
Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
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Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability01:27

Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability

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Bioavailability is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. Regulatory agencies mandate the assessment of bioavailability, typically measured as the area under the drug plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC), to ensure the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. These evaluations are categorized as absolute and relative bioavailability studies.Absolute...
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

283
Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
283
Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods01:19

Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods

418
A medication’s effectiveness largely depends on its appropriate dosage and the route of administration. Dosage ensures that a sufficient drug concentration is maintained in the bloodstream to elicit the desired therapeutic effect without causing toxicity. The route of administration affects the drug's bioavailability, rate of absorption, and onset of action, which are crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Drug dosage calculations are critical to tailoring therapy to...
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Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies01:11

Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

335
Bioavailability studies are essential for understanding how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. These studies assess the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical agent becomes available at the site of action. The design of bioavailability studies can involve single-dose or multiple-dose regimens, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Single-dose studies are the preferred approach due to their simplicity and reduced drug exposure for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

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Archaic RDA Methodology for Vitamin C.

Steve Hickey1, Gert Schuitemaker2, Atsuo Yanagisawa3

  • 1a Newlyn Research Group , Newlyn , Cornwall , England.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|October 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Determining the optimal vitamin C intake is challenging due to flawed study designs and ignored high-dose observations. Current knowledge limitations make setting a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) unwise.

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Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • The optimal human intake of vitamin C remains a subject of scientific debate.
  • Previous reviews on vitamin C requirements have faced criticism regarding methodology and interpretation of data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the scientific basis for establishing an optimal vitamin C intake in humans.
  • To highlight the limitations of current research methodologies in determining vitamin C requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Critique of existing literature, focusing on the suitability of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) for determining Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs).
  • Analysis of scientific evidence regarding vitamin C saturation levels in blood plasma.
  • Review of observational data on high-dose ascorbate intake.

Main Results:

  • Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are deemed inappropriate for establishing RDAs for vitamin C.
  • Significant debate exists regarding sufficient evidence to determine optimal vitamin C intake.
  • Inaccuracies were identified in previous assessments of blood plasma saturation following low-dose vitamin C intake.
  • Observations concerning high-dose ascorbate have been overlooked in prior analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Current scientific understanding has limitations in defining the optimal vitamin C intake for humans.
  • Setting definitive limits on vitamin C dosage is premature until these knowledge gaps are addressed.
  • Further research is needed to accurately determine vitamin C requirements and safe upper intake levels.