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Related Concept Videos

Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

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Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
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Transformation of Plane Strain01:12

Transformation of Plane Strain

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When analyzing elongated structures like bars subjected to uniformly distributed loads, it is essential to understand the transformation of plane strain when coordinate axes are rotated. This transformation helps to assess how material deformation characteristics vary with orientation, which is crucial in materials science and structural engineering.
Under plane strain conditions, typical for members where one dimension significantly exceeds the others, deformations and resultant strains are...
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

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Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
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Generalized Hooke's Law01:22

Generalized Hooke's Law

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The generalized Hooke's Law is a broadened version of Hooke's Law, which extends to all types of stress and in every direction. Consider an isotropic material shaped into a cube subjected to multiaxial loading. In this scenario, normal stresses are exerted along the three coordinate axes. As a result of these stresses, the cubic shape deforms into a rectangular parallelepiped. Despite this deformation, the new shape maintains equal sides, and there is a normal strain in the direction of the...
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Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

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Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Using Digital Image Correlation to Characterize Local Strains on Vascular Tissue Specimens
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Global longitudinal strain software upgrade: Implications for intervendor consistency and longitudinal imaging

Anne-Laure Castel1, Aymeric Menet2, Pierre-Vladimir Ennezat3

  • 1Université Lille Nord de France, GCS - Groupement des hôpitaux, institut catholique de Lille, faculté libre de médecine, université catholique de Lille, Lille, France.

Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases
|October 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Software upgrades for speckle tracking echocardiography can alter global longitudinal strain (GLS) measurements. These changes impact consistency between different software versions and vendors, affecting patient monitoring.

Keywords:
EchocardiographyLongitudinal strainSpeckle trackingStrain longitudinalÉchocardiographie

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Echocardiography
  • Medical Software Engineering

Background:

  • Speckle tracking echocardiography is a key method for assessing left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS).
  • Software updates are common in medical imaging devices.
  • Consistency in GLS measurements is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of speckle tracking software upgrades on GLS values.
  • To assess the effect of software upgrades on intervendor and intersoftware consistency.
  • To determine if software updates influence the reliability of GLS measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Echocardiography was performed on 73 subjects using Philips and GE equipment.
  • Off-line GLS analysis was conducted using different software versions (Philips QLAB 9.0/10.2, GE EchoPAC 12.1/13.1.1).
  • Intersoftware, intervendor, and interobserver variability were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Software upgrades led to significant changes in absolute GLS values (e.g., higher with QLAB 10.2 vs. 9.0).
  • Intervendor agreement varied by myocardial layer, with lower consistency between the latest versions (QLAB 10.2 vs. EchoPAC 13.1.1).
  • Interobserver variability remained excellent across all tested software.

Conclusions:

  • Speckle tracking software upgrades can cause substantial shifts in GLS measurements.
  • These changes may compromise intersoftware and intervendor consistency in GLS assessment.
  • Clinicians must consider software versioning for accurate longitudinal patient follow-up using echocardiography.