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Related Concept Videos

Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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Future-directed thinking in first-episode psychosis.

Emmeline Goodby1, Andrew K MacLeod1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.

The British Journal of Clinical Psychology
|October 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with first-episode psychosis show impaired future thinking, particularly regarding the next year. This disengagement may impact recovery and suggests interventions to enhance future focus could be beneficial.

Keywords:
first episodefuture thinking taskfuture-directed thinkinghopelessnessnegative symptomspsychosisschizophreniasuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Future-directed thinking is crucial for goal setting and adaptive functioning.
  • Alterations in future thinking are observed in various psychiatric conditions.
  • Limited research exists on future thinking specifically in first-episode psychosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare future-directed thinking in first-episode psychosis (FEP) with matched controls.
  • To identify correlates of future thinking deficits in FEP, including hopelessness, suicide ideation, and negative symptoms.
  • To explore the clinical implications of these findings for recovery and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, mixed-model, case-control design was employed.
  • The Future Thinking Task assessed future-directed thinking in 30 FEP patients and 27 controls.
  • Anxiety, depression, hopelessness, suicide ideation, and negative symptoms were measured.

Main Results:

  • FEP patients demonstrated impaired future thinking in both positive and negative domains, especially for the upcoming year.
  • Increased hopelessness correlated with reduced positive and increased negative future thinking.
  • Positive future thinking was linked to fewer negative symptoms, while negative future thinking was associated with suicide ideation.

Conclusions:

  • First-episode psychosis is characterized by reduced positive and unexpectedly reduced negative future thinking, suggesting general future disengagement.
  • Interventions promoting future engagement, particularly within a one-year timeframe, may aid FEP recovery.
  • The Future Thinking Task shows potential for suicide risk assessment in FEP, and reduced positive future thinking may indicate a treatment target for negative symptoms.