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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Self-Reported Acute Health Effects and Exposure to Companion Animals.

W S Krueger1,2, E D Hilborn3, A P Dufour4

  • 1Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.

Zoonoses and Public Health
|October 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contact with animals, particularly unfamiliar ones, significantly increases the risk of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin/eye symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of considering animal exposure in health symptom etiological models.

Keywords:
Petsacute diseaseallergysigns and symptomszoonotic diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute health symptoms like gastrointestinal, respiratory, and dermatological issues are common.
  • Understanding the influence of environmental exposures, such as animal contact, is crucial for disease etiology.
  • Limited large-scale studies have investigated the association between animal contact and acute health symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between animal contact and acute health symptoms in a large US cohort.
  • To determine if contact with familiar versus unfamiliar animals differentially impacts health outcomes.
  • To inform etiological models for acute health symptoms by considering companion animal exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional data from 50,507 US participants (2003-2009).
  • Analysis of self-reported animal contact and acute health symptoms over a 10-12 day period.
  • Fixed-effects multivariable logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • 63.2% of participants reported direct animal contact; 7.7% had contact with unfamiliar animals.
  • Participants exposed to unfamiliar animals showed significantly higher odds of all three symptom types (GI, respiratory, skin/eye) compared to unexposed individuals.
  • Contact with familiar animals (dogs, cats, pet birds) was also associated with at least one acute health symptom.

Conclusions:

  • Animal contact, especially with unfamiliar animals, is significantly associated with acute gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin/eye symptoms.
  • These associations may be due to zoonotic infections and allergic reactions.
  • Etiological models for acute health symptoms should incorporate companion animal exposure, emphasizing unfamiliar animals, and public health messaging should promote preventative measures like handwashing.