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Retention and resistance features for complex amalgam restorations.
J W Robbins1, J O Burgess, J B Summitt
1Department of General Practice, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dental School, San Antonio 78284-7914.
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)
|April 1, 1989
Summary
Amalgapins and slots offer retention for short crowns, but vertical pins provide superior resistance. Careful placement is crucial to avoid risks like tooth fracture and pulp perforation.
Area of Science:
- Restorative Dentistry
- Dental Materials
Background:
- Amalgam restorations require adequate retention and resistance features, especially in compromised tooth structures.
- Various mechanical retention aids exist, each with specific indications and limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and compare the indications, benefits, and risks of different retention and resistance features used in amalgam restorations.
- To guide clinicians in selecting appropriate features for optimal restoration longevity.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on amalgam retention and resistance features.
- Analysis of clinical indications and biomechanical principles for amalgapins, slots, vertical pins, horizontal pins, ledges, and peripheral steps.
Main Results:
- Amalgapins and slots are indicated for short clinical crowns and reduced cusps, with slots offering more resistance.
- Vertical pins provide excellent retention but carry risks such as tooth structure crazing and perforation.
- Horizontal pins can reinforce facial cusps and splint remaining tooth structure, with esthetic considerations.
Conclusions:
- The choice of retention and resistance features depends on tooth morphology, cusp reduction, and esthetic demands.
- Proper technique and understanding of potential risks are essential for successful amalgam restoration.
- When access is limited, alternative retention devices should be considered.