[Relationship between Intelligence and Executive Function]

Area of Science:

• Child Psychology
• Neurodevelopment

Background:

• Executive functions (EF) are critical cognitive processes.
• Intelligence is a key developmental outcome.
• Understanding the relationship between EF and intelligence in early childhood is important for academic success.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the correlation between executive functions and intelligence in preschool children.
• To assess the predictive value of specific executive functions on cognitive abilities.

Main Methods:

• Utilized the Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Intelligence (WNV) for intelligence assessment.
• Employed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) for executive function evaluation.
• Analyzed data from 447 children aged 4-6 years using partial correlations and regression models.

Main Results:

• Working Memory (WM) on the BRIEF-P significantly explained cognitive functions measured by the WNV.
• Maternal educational level also contributed to explaining cognitive functions.
• The Emergent Metacognition Index, including WM, showed significant correlations with WNV subtests and IQ scales.

Conclusions:

• Executive functions play a significant role in intelligence development during the preschool years.
• EF deficits are linked to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and poorer academic trajectories.
• Early intervention programs are recommended to enhance EF and support academic learning.