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Allelic variation contributes to bacterial host specificity.

Min Yue1, Xiangan Han1, Leon De Masi1

  • 1Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Nature Communications
|October 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in bacterial genes, particularly surface proteins like FimH, drive host-specific adaptation and transmission of pathogens such as Salmonella Typhimurium.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases necessitate understanding pathogen transmission and host adaptation mechanisms.
  • Microbial pathotype evolution is traditionally linked to gene gain/loss, with limited focus on nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the role of pathoadaptive nsSNPs in bacterial host adaptation.
  • To identify host-specific genetic signatures in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide analysis of core genes in 580 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates.
  • Multinomial logistic regression, MultiPhen, and Random Forest analyses of adhesin genes.
  • In vitro functional assays of FimH adhesin variants.

Main Results:

  • High allelic variation was observed in surface-exposed molecules, including adhesins.
  • Distinct host-specific nsSNP signatures were identified in adhesins.
  • Specific nsSNPs in FimH are crucial for host-specific adherence.

Conclusions:

  • Functional variation in bacterial proteins, driven by nsSNPs, contributes significantly to pathogen adaptation to diverse hosts.
  • This study provides the first concrete evidence for the role of nsSNPs in bacterial pathoadaptation.