Initial steps towards an evidence-based classification system for golfers with a physical impairment.

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Paralympic Sports Classification

Background:

• Developing an evidence-based classification system for handigolf is crucial for fair competition.
• Current classification systems need to align with International Paralympic Committee (IPC) regulations.
• Understanding the impact of impairments on golf performance is key to accurate classification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish a conceptual framework for handigolf classification.
• To outline an agenda for future research in handigolf classification.
• To take a first step towards an evidence-based classification system in handigolf.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of existing literature on classification in Paralympic sports, golf performance factors, and impairment impacts.
• Gathering IPC regulations from official sources.
• Developing a conceptual framework based on identified performance determinants and activity limitations.

Main Results:

• A conceptual framework for handigolf classification was developed, categorizing factors into 'technology,' 'interface,' and 'athlete characteristics,' alongside impairment-related factors.
• Key performance determinants in able-bodied golf, such as timing, accuracy, range of motion, balance, and flexibility, are relevant for handigolf classification.
• The review identified a lack of research on handigolf, with only five articles found, primarily discussing the asymmetric golf movement.

Conclusions:

• The proposed framework and research agenda will advance knowledge for evidence-based handigolf classification.
• A transparent classification system is expected to boost participation in disabled golf.
• Classification measures must be resistant to training, talent, and motivation to accurately reflect impairment-level activity limitations.