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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis
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Melanoma Genomics and Immunotherapy.

Maria Constantinou1

  • 1Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Providence, RI.

Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013)
|October 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Melanoma development is linked to ultra violet radiation (UVR) exposure, causing immune suppression and DNA damage. These insights have spurred new melanoma treatments targeting these specific molecular pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Melanoma molecular characterization has advanced significantly over the past decade.
  • Ultra violet radiation (UVR) exposure is a primary cause of melanoma.
  • UVR's role in melanoma carcinogenesis involves immune response modulation and DNA damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of UVR-induced melanoma.
  • To highlight the link between UVR, immune evasion, and DNA damage in melanoma.
  • To discuss therapeutic breakthroughs stemming from this molecular understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on melanoma molecular biology.
  • Analysis of UVR effects on cellular and immune pathways.
Keywords:
ImmunotherapyMelanomaTumor profiling

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  • Examination of melanoma's immunogenic profile in relation to therapeutic targets.

    • Main Results:

    • UVR exposure down-regulates immune responses, facilitating melanoma development.
    • UVR induces pyrimidine dimerization, a key DNA damage mechanism in melanoma.
    • Melanoma exhibits a highly immunogenic antigen profile compared to other cancers.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding UVR-driven molecular pathways is crucial for melanoma treatment.
    • Targeting immune suppression and DNA repair mechanisms offers promising therapeutic strategies.
    • Advances in molecular characterization have led to significant therapeutic breakthroughs in melanoma management.