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Fc-Gamma Receptor Polymorphisms Predispose Patients to Infectious Complications After Liver Transplantation.

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Genetic variations in Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) genes increase bloodstream infection (BSI) risk after liver transplantation (LT). These FcγR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can predict mortality, guiding future research.

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clinical research/practicecomplication: infectiousgeneticsinfectious diseaseliver transplantation/hepatologyliver transplantation: living donormolecular biology: single polynucleotide polymorphismnatural killer (NK) cells/NK receptorstranslational research/science

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Infectious complications are a major concern after liver transplantation (LT).
  • Host genetic factors, particularly in innate immunoregulatory genes, may influence susceptibility to post-LT infections.
  • Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) play a crucial role in immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FcγR genes (FCGR2A, FCGR3A) and C1QA on infectious complications post-LT.
  • To determine if these genetic variations are associated with the incidence and type of infections, including bloodstream infections (BSI).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of C1QA [276A/G], FCGR2A [131H/R], and FCGR3A [158F/V] SNPs in 89 living donor LT recipients.
  • Correlation of identified SNPs with the occurrence of infectious complications within 30 days post-LT.
  • Identification of causative pathogens for bloodstream infections.

Main Results:

  • A significantly higher incidence of BSI was observed in individuals with FCGR3A [158F/V or F/F] genotypes compared to FCGR3A [158V/V], consistent with lower IgG binding affinity.
  • Combined FCGR2A and FCGR3A SNPs further stratified BSI risk, independent of C1QA SNP.
  • Gram-positive cocci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, were the predominant pathogens in BSI for FCGR3A [158F/F or F/V] patients.
  • No significant association was found between the studied gene polymorphisms and fungal or cytomegalovirus infections.

Conclusions:

  • Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) SNPs are identified as predisposing factors for bloodstream infections (BSI) following liver transplantation (LT).
  • These FcγR genetic variations can serve as predictive markers for BSI and potentially for mortality after LT.
  • Findings support the need for larger prospective studies to validate these immunogenetic associations in LT recipients.