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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

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Polystyrene scaffolds based on microfibers as a bone substitute; development and in vitro study.

Lisa Terranova1, Romain Mallet2, Rodolphe Perrot3

  • 1GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 Angers Cedex, France.

Acta Biomaterialia
|November 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Electrospun polystyrene scaffolds support bone healing. Randomly oriented, larger diameter fibers enhanced initial cell adhesion, while aligned fibers promoted cell orientation for bone grafting applications.

Keywords:
Cell cultureElectrospinningFibers orientationMicrofibersPolystyrene

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bone grafting materials are crucial for skeletal defect repair.
  • Developing synthetic, osteoconductive scaffolds is a key area in regenerative medicine.
  • Electrospinning offers a versatile method for creating fibrous scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create non-resorbable, porous polystyrene scaffolds for bone grafting.
  • To investigate the influence of microfiber diameter and alignment on osteoblast-like cell behavior.
  • To evaluate polystyrene scaffolds as a potential bone substitute material.

Main Methods:

  • Polystyrene scaffolds with aligned and random microfibers (1-4.5μm diameter) were fabricated via electrospinning.
  • MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells were cultured on scaffolds to assess adherence, proliferation, and differentiation.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanocomputed tomography (nanoCT), and confocal microscopy were used for characterization.

Main Results:

  • Higher initial cell adherence was observed on random fibers with larger diameters (3.5μm).
  • Cell proliferation and differentiation were generally not significantly affected by fiber diameter or orientation, except for reduced attachment on 1μm random fibers.
  • Cells cultured on aligned fibers exhibited elongated shapes, oriented along the fiber direction.

Conclusions:

  • Electrospun polystyrene scaffolds are cytocompatible and support osteoconduction.
  • Scaffold architecture (fiber diameter and alignment) influences initial cell adhesion and cell morphology.
  • These porous scaffolds show potential as bone grafting materials, facilitating cell adhesion, spreading, orientation, and proliferation.