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International Nursing Organizations I

International Nursing Organizations I

International Nursing Organization (ICN) is a global union of national nurses' organizations. Individual nurses can be a part of ICN through member organizations. Each member organization strives to ensure quality nursing care, sound health policies, the advancement of nursing knowledge, respect for the profession, and a satisfied and competent nursing workforce.
ICN member organizations work to advance the field of nursing and healthcare via policies, partnerships, lobbying, professional...

National Nursing Organizations II

National Nursing Organizations II

Nursing organizations play a vital role in representing nurses working in specialized clinical settings, such as the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN).
The AACN emphasizes a healthy work environment through six standards to achieve an optimal patient outcome. The standards are appropriate staffing, meaningful recognition, collaboration, authentic leadership, effective communication, and decision-making. In addition, AACN provides certification programs, webinars, journals, and...

International Nursing Organizations II

International Nursing Organizations II

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...

National Nursing Organizations I

National Nursing Organizations I

Nursing organizations assume a significant role in consistently developing the nursing profession through education, research studies, establishing practice standards, and reforming health policies. Typically, nursing organizations operate at the regional, national, and international levels. For example, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) represents more than 28 million nurses worldwide. In contrast, the American Nurses Association (ANA) is a membership organization representing nurses...

Hospitals-II

Hospitals-II

Hospitals provide inpatient and outpatient services. Inpatient services provide care to patients that stay in the hospital for an extended period, ranging from days to months. Examples of inpatient services include intensive care units, hospital wards, or surgeries. Outpatient services provide care to patients who come to a hospital for a diagnostic or treatment but do not stay overnight —for example, diagnostic tests, surgical procedures, or health education.
Nurses that work in...

Current Trends in Nursing II

Current Trends in Nursing II

Trends in nursing are multifactorial and associated with changes in society, within the nursing profession, and in other professions. Notably, telehealth and remote nursing contribute to successful healthcare delivery for numerous patients and help reduce stress for nurses due to nursing shortages. Nurses can reach patients, monitor their conditions, and interact with them using computers, audio, visual accessories, and telephones—for example, remote patient monitoring systems. Likewise,...

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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Published on: June 21, 2010

Advancing nursing enterprises: A cross-country comparison.

Patricia Pittman¹, Marla E Salmon²

¹Associate Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.

Nursing Outlook

|November 1, 2015

Summary

Nursing enterprises in developing nations offer models for U.S. health systems. These nurse-led clinics improve access to care and empower nurses, demonstrating the value of collective action for financial sustainability.

Keywords:

Access to care Empowerment of women Innovation Nurses

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Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Published on: June 21, 2010

Area of Science:

Global Health
Health Systems Research
Nursing Innovation

Background:

Health system reforms in the U.S. present opportunities for nursing innovation.
Financial sustainability remains a challenge for nurse-managed clinics.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore nursing enterprises in the developing world.
To discuss their potential for informing U.S. nursing initiatives.

Main Methods:

Case studies were selected from the Center for Health Market Innovations.

Main Results:

Examined a professional association network of clinics in Tanzania.
Analyzed a social franchise in Kenya and a cooperative in the Philippines.
All programs empowered nurses in ownership, leadership, and professional advancement.

Conclusions:

These models improved access to care for underserved populations.
Programs enhanced women's employment and autonomy.
A collective approach is crucial for advancing nursing enterprises in the U.S.