[Candida-host relationship: physiology and pathology]

Area of Science:

• Medical Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Immunology

Background:

• Candida species are opportunistic pathogens capable of causing superficial to life-threatening invasive infections.
• Understanding Candida virulence factors and host-pathogen interactions is crucial for managing candidiasis.
• Secondary candidiasis can arise from deficiencies in local, general, natural, or acquired host defenses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a detailed analysis of Candida virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms.
• To classify candidiasis based on topographic, anatomo-pathologic, and disease course criteria.
• To evaluate chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and its association with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.

Main Methods:

• Review and analysis of potential virulence factors of Candida species.
• Examination of host defense mechanisms (local, general, natural, acquired) and their deficiencies.
• Classificatory revision of candidiasis forms using established criteria.
• Investigation of clinical manifestations, particularly in oral localization.
• Evaluation of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and its correlation with HIV.

Main Results:

• Detailed insights into Candida virulence factors and pathogenic processes.
• Identification of host defense deficiencies contributing to secondary candidiasis.
• A revised classification of candidiasis forms.
• Specific focus on the clinical aspects of oral candidiasis.
• Assessment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis as a distinct entity and its relationship with HIV.

Conclusions:

• Candida pathogenesis involves complex interactions between virulence factors and host defenses.
• Deficiencies in host immunity predispose individuals to secondary candidiasis.
• A structured classification aids in understanding and managing diverse candidiasis presentations.
• Oral and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, especially in HIV-infected individuals, require specific attention.