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Related Concept Videos

Biofilms01:29

Biofilms

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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

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Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
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Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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A 96 Well Microtiter Plate-based Method for Monitoring Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Biofilms
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Biofilms and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing.

Maria Simitsopoulou1, Athanasios Chatzimoschou1, Emmanuel Roilides2

  • 1Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This chapter details methods for studying fungal biofilms, which are complex structures formed by yeasts and filamentous fungi. Assays assess biofilm formation and susceptibility to antifungal treatments and host defenses.

Keywords:
Antifungal susceptibility test ingAspergillusBiofilmCandidaExtracellular matrix quantitationFungi

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Fungal organisms, including yeasts and filamentous fungi, exhibit dimorphism, existing as single cells or hyphal forms.
  • These morphologies are crucial for constructing complex, multilayered fungal biofilm structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe widely used assays for determining fungal biofilm production.
  • To present methods for assessing the susceptibility of fungal biofilms to antifungal agents and host phagocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Staining techniques
  • Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)
  • Quantification of extracellular DNA and protein within the extracellular matrix
  • XTT metabolic reduction assay
  • Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for pathway-focused gene expression profiling.

Main Results:

  • The chapter outlines established methodologies for fungal biofilm analysis.
  • It details techniques for evaluating biofilm's response to therapeutic interventions and immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized and novel assays are essential for understanding fungal biofilm dynamics.
  • Accurate assessment of biofilm production and susceptibility is critical for developing effective antifungal strategies.