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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

158.9K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
158.9K
Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

887
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
887
Transduction01:16

Transduction

2.6K
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
2.6K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

8.4K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
8.4K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

3.8K
3.8K
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

8.5K
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
8.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics
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Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics

Published on: February 18, 2009

13.0K

Plastic and Evolved Responses to Global Change: What Can We Learn from Comparative Transcriptomics?

Melissa B DeBiasse1, Morgan W Kelly2

  • 1From the Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA (DeBiasse and Kelly).

The Journal of Heredity
|November 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Comparative transcriptomics reveals how species adapt to environmental change. Studying gene expression under multiple stressors shows synergistic effects, highlighting the need for integrated research approaches.

Keywords:
RNA-seqadaptationgene expressionglobal changeplasticitytranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental change biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Organisms face changing environments requiring physiological plasticity and adaptive evolution for survival.
  • Transcriptome sequencing (RNA sequencing) offers insights into organismal responses to environmental shifts and individual variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how comparative transcriptomics aids understanding of plastic and evolved responses to environmental change.
  • To highlight transcriptomics' role in local adaptation and responses to multiple stressors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies utilizing comparative transcriptomics.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on local adaptation and multi-stressor impacts on gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptomics is crucial for understanding genetic bases of adaptation and physiological responses.
  • Most multi-stressor studies examine stressors individually; simultaneous testing reveals synergistic gene expression effects.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated genomic and transcriptomic approaches are recommended for future research.
  • Investigating gene regulatory networks and proteomic responses to environmental stress is vital.