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Depressive thoughts impair working memory (WM) performance, even on tasks without negative cues. This suggests a cognitive mechanism contributing to the daily challenges faced by individuals experiencing depression.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Depressive thoughts often persist, leading to rumination and worsening symptoms.
  • The impact of persistent depressive thoughts on working memory (WM) has not been fully explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if exposure to depressive cues in a working memory task affects performance on a subsequent, neutral working memory task.
  • To compare these effects in dysphoric individuals (DIs) versus non-dysphoric individuals (non-DIs).

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed a working memory (WM) task with either depressive or neutral cues.
  • Performance on a second, neutral WM task was assessed.
  • Comparison was made between DIs and non-DIs, and between different task orders.

Main Results:

  • Dysphoric individuals (DIs) showed reduced performance on WM tasks with depressive cues compared to non-DIs.
  • When DIs first performed a WM task with depressive cues, they exhibited deficits on a subsequent neutral WM task.
  • These deficits were more pronounced than in DIs who completed the neutral task first or in non-DIs.

Conclusions:

  • The impact of depressive cues on cognitive performance extends to subsequent tasks lacking these cues in DIs.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that conscious depressive thoughts can lead to cognitive deficits.
  • This provides a potential ecological mechanism for daily cognitive impairments in depression.