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Human babesiosis.

Wioletta Rożej-Bielicka1, Hanna Stypułkowska-Misiurewicz2, Elżbieta Gołąb1

  • 1Department of Medical Parasitology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw.

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|November 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Babesiosis, a tick-borne parasitic disease, is increasingly diagnosed in the USA, posing risks to specific patient groups. This review covers its epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Babesiosis is an emerging anthropo-zoonotic, tick-borne parasitic disease caused by Protozoa of the genus Babesia.
  • While over 100 Babesia species exist, only a few, such as Babesia microti, Babesia divergens, and Babesia venatorum, are known to infect humans.
  • Human infections are often asymptomatic or mild but can be severe in asplenic, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly, with blood-borne transmission posing risks in hemotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current epidemiological status of human babesiosis.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and treatment options.
  • To highlight clinical considerations in managing babesiosis patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data on human babesiosis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods for Babesia detection.
  • Review of current treatment guidelines and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Babesiosis prevalence is increasing in the USA, with expanding endemic areas.
  • In Europe, no significant increase in cases has been reported.
  • Specific Babesia species are primarily responsible for human infections, with varying clinical presentations.

Conclusions:

  • Human babesiosis diagnosis and treatment require careful consideration of the patient's clinical status and epidemiological context.
  • Ongoing surveillance and research are crucial for managing this emerging infectious disease.
  • Understanding the global epidemiological trends is vital for public health strategies.