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Published on: April 1, 2022
Phosphorylation of Smads by Intracellular Kinases
Fang Liu1,2,3, Isao Matsuura4
1Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. fangliu@cabm.rutgers.edu.
Abstract:
Smad proteins transduce the TGF-ß family signal at the cell surface into gene regulation in the nucleus. In addition to being phosphorylated by the TGF-ß family receptors, Smads are phosphorylated by a variety of intracellular kinases. The most studied are by cyclin-dependent kinases, the MAP kinase family members, and GSK-3. Phosphorylation by these kinases regulates Smad activities, leading to various biological effects. This chapter describes the methods for analyzing Smad phosphorylation by these kinases.
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