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Collimator design for a multipinhole brain SPECT insert for MRI.

Karen Van Audenhaege1, Roel Van Holen1, Christian Vanhove1

  • 1Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT, MEDISIP-IBiTech, De Pintelaan 185 block B/5, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.

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A novel brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) insert designed for MRI offers comparable image quality to clinical systems. This advancement enhances neurological disease imaging by combining SPECT

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging is crucial for studying neurological diseases.
  • Current SPECT/CT systems offer anatomical context but suffer from low soft-tissue contrast in CT for brain imaging.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high soft-tissue contrast without ionizing radiation, making it ideal for brain imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and simulate a compact, stationary multipinhole SPECT insert capable of operating within a clinical MRI environment.
  • To optimize SPECT system parameters for maximum sensitivity while maintaining a target resolution within MRI spatial constraints.
  • To evaluate the performance of the brain SPECT insert against a clinical ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) fan beam system.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a stationary multipinhole SPECT insert using MR-compatible digital silicon photomultiplier detector modules and LYSO crystals.
  • Optimized system parameters to achieve a target resolution of 7.2 mm in the field-of-view.
  • Conducted noiseless and Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate sampling, reconstructed resolution, and contrast-to-noise ratio, comparing configurations and a clinical UHR fan beam system.

Main Results:

  • An optimized stationary multipinhole system with 8 rings of 24 pinholes achieved a volume sensitivity of 395 cps/MBq and a reconstructed resolution of 5.0 mm.
  • The 24-pinhole configuration demonstrated better performance for specific lesion sizes (6 mm hot, 16 mm cold) compared to a clinical UHR fan beam system.
  • Noisy simulations showed the 9 mm cold lesion in a Hoffman phantom was slightly better visualized with the multipinhole insert than with the fan beam system.

Conclusions:

  • A stationary multipinhole SPECT insert optimized for MRI has been developed.
  • The study demonstrates the feasibility of performing high-quality brain SPECT imaging inside an MRI scanner.
  • The achieved image quality is comparable to that of the best available clinical SPECT systems.