Impact of carotid atherosclerosis loci on cardiovascular events

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) or plaque. However, whether these loci relate to other vascular diseases and subsequent vascular events is unclear.

We tested six SNPs (rs4888378, rs11781551, rs445925, rs6601530, rs17398575 and rs1878406) for association with subclinical atherosclerotic measures (cIMT, plaque presence and ankle-brachial index), as well as ischemic stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm, peripheral or coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) cohort. Four SNPs were associated with cIMT and two with plaque (p < 0.05). One SNP was also significantly associated to CAD (rs1878406, OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.08-1.42, p = 2 × 10(-3)). A genetic risk score (GRS) based on the cIMT-related SNPs was associated to increased risk of cIMT itself (p = 1 × 10(-3)), but not to other secondary outcomes or vascular events during follow-up (p = 0.86).

In addition to replicating previously published associations for cIMT, we confirmed a nominally significant effect between the GRS and cIMT.