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Eddy Currents

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Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

Published on: August 5, 2015

Note: Void effects on eddy current distortion in two-phase liquid metal.

M Kumar¹, Ph Tordjeman¹, W Bergez¹

¹Université de Toulouse, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, Allée du Professeur Camille Soula, 31400 Toulouse, France.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|November 2, 2015

Summary

A new model for two-phase liquid metal flow accurately predicts electromagnetic behavior at low magnetic Reynolds numbers. Void fraction and spatial frequency are determinable from eddy current flow meter signals.

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Last Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

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Published on: August 5, 2015

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

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Published on: January 16, 2020

Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Electromagnetism
Two-phase flow

Background:

Accurate measurement of two-phase flow parameters is crucial in many industrial processes.
Eddy current flow meters are used for non-intrusive flow monitoring.
Modeling electromagnetic phenomena in conductive fluids with voids presents challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a first-order perturbation model for magnetic flux in two-phase liquid metal flow at low magnetic Reynolds numbers.
To account for the distortion of induced eddy currents by voids.
To validate the model through experimental measurements.

Main Methods:

Developed a theoretical model using first-order perturbation expansion of magnetic flux.
Incorporated the effect of void presence on eddy current distortion.
Conducted experiments using an eddy current flow meter with controlled periodic void distributions.

Main Results:

The model accurately predicts the behavior of magnetic flux in the presence of voids.
Experimental results confirmed the model's predictions.
Demonstrated that velocity and void effects on electromotive force (emf) modulation are decoupled.

Conclusions:

The developed model provides a reliable method for analyzing two-phase liquid metal flows at low magnetic Reynolds numbers.
Eddy current flow meter measurements can be used to determine void fraction magnitude and spatial frequency.
The decoupling of velocity and void effects simplifies data interpretation.