Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 30, 2026
10:48
Probing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices via Laser Flash Photolysis of Photoactivatable Nicotine
Published on: January 25, 2019
9.8K
The Hasubanan and Acutumine Alkaloids
Sandra M King1, Seth B Herzon1
1Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
The Alkaloids. Chemistry and Biology
|November 3, 2015
Summary
This review covers hasubanan and acutumine alkaloid research from 1987 to 2013, detailing new compounds, syntheses, biosynthesis, and pharmacology. It highlights opioid receptor affinity, anti-HBV, and antimicrobial activities of hasubanan alkaloids.
Area of Science:
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Organic Synthesis
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Previous reviews covered hasubanan alkaloids up to 1986 and acutumine alkaloids since 1929.
- This chapter extends the literature review for hasubanan alkaloids from 1987 to June 2013.
- It comprehensively covers acutumine alkaloid literature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advances in hasubanan and acutumine alkaloid research.
- To detail new alkaloid discoveries, their isolation, and structural determination.
- To summarize synthetic efforts, biosynthesis, and pharmacological activities.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific publications from 1987 to June 2013.
- Analysis of occurrence, physical constants, and structural data of new alkaloids.
- Summary of reported total syntheses, synthetic studies, and biosynthetic pathways.
Main Results:
- Identified 29 new hasubanan and 15 new acutumine alkaloids.
- Reviewed completed syntheses for several hasubanan and acutumine alkaloids.
- Summarized pharmacological data including opioid receptor affinity, anti-HBV, antimicrobial, antiamnesic, and cytotoxic activities.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in the synthesis and understanding of hasubanan and acutumine alkaloids.
- These alkaloids exhibit diverse pharmacological properties with potential therapeutic applications.
- The review provides a comprehensive resource for researchers in the field.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:22Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship
2.5K
Cholinergic agonists or cholinomimetics mimic the action of acetylcholine to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. They are categorized into direct-acting and indirect-acting agents. The direct-acting cholinergic drugs induce the parasympathetic response by directly binding to the muscarinic or nicotine receptors. In comparison, the indirect-acting cholinergic drugs prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis, indirectly contributing to the extended parasympathetic response.
The direct-acting...
The direct-acting...
2.5K
01:31Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics
2.0K
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists, such as synthetic choline esters and naturally occurring alkaloids, exert their effects by enhancing the actions of acetylcholine and stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system. Synthetic choline esters share structural similarities with acetylcholine. For example, they have a positively charged quaternary ammonium or onium group, contributing to their hydrophilic characteristics. As a result, they are poorly absorbed in the body through oral...
2.0K
01:29Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship
1.1K
Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are agents that interact with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Consequently, the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft increases. These agonists can be classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors based on their duration of action.
Reversible inhibitors display short to medium durations of action. Short-acting agents include simple alcohols with...
Reversible inhibitors display short to medium durations of action. Short-acting agents include simple alcohols with...
1.1K
01:29Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship
3.0K
Cholinergic antagonists bind to cholinergic receptors and limit the effects of acetylcholine and other cholinergic agonists. Based on the specific cholinergic receptor affinity, these antagonists are classified as muscarinic or nicotinic. Anticholinergics interrupt parasympathetic innervations while sympathetic innervations remain uninterrupted. Muscarinic antagonists are also called 'muscarinic antagonists', 'antimuscarinics', or 'parasympatholytics'. Nicotinic...
3.0K
01:18Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action
3.0K
Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists work by interacting with an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft. They can be reversible or irreversible inhibitors and have different effects on the enzyme.
Reversible inhibitors like edrophonium bind to a specific part of the enzyme called the anionic catalytic site. They form noncovalent bonds, which means they are not strongly attached to the enzyme. This creates a temporary and less stable enzyme–inhibitor complex,...
Reversible inhibitors like edrophonium bind to a specific part of the enzyme called the anionic catalytic site. They form noncovalent bonds, which means they are not strongly attached to the enzyme. This creates a temporary and less stable enzyme–inhibitor complex,...
3.0K
01:23Cholinergic Neurons: Neurotransmission
6.2K
Cholinergic neurotransmission involves the synthesis and the release of acetylcholine (ACh) in order to transmit nerve impulses across the synapse. The process begins with the synthesis of acetyl CoA, a precursor for ACh, from ATP, acetate, and coenzyme A in the mitochondria. Choline, another vital precursor, is transported inside the neuron through choline transporters, including high-affinity choline transporter CHT1, low-affinity choline transporter CTL1, and lower-affinity choline...
6.2K