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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
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The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
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Match or non-Match: at the crossroads.

Veerasathpurush Allareddy1, Sreedevi Srinivasan2, Thomas E Southard3

  • 1Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|November 3, 2015
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Summary

Orthodontic residency programs should join the National Matching Service (the Match) for a fair selection process. Participation benefits candidates and strengthens orthodontic education by fostering competition for top talent.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Education
  • Residency Matching Programs

Background:

  • The National Matching Service (the Match) offers an ethical and unbiased selection process for residency programs and candidates.
  • Currently, 51 of 66 U.S. accredited orthodontic residency programs participate in the Match, while 15 do not.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors influencing orthodontic residency programs' decisions to participate or not participate in the Match.
  • To understand the perceptions of orthodontic programs regarding the Match program.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was distributed to 64 orthodontic residency programs to gather their perceptions of the Match.
  • Qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze survey responses and identify recurring themes.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-six programs responded to the survey.
  • Two primary themes emerged: programs participate in the Match for its perceived fairness, while non-participating programs aim to secure early acceptance from candidates.

Conclusions:

  • Participation in the Match benefits candidates, institutions, and orthodontic education overall.
  • The Match allows candidates to rank choices without early acceptance pressure and encourages programs to compete for strong candidates, enhancing resident education.
  • The system accommodates diverse program requirements, supporting the recruitment of varied student cohorts.