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Chemotherapy Induced Acute Pericarditis in a Child

Muhammad Arif Khan1, Abdul Rahman1, S Almoukirish1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, King Salman Heart Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|November 3, 2015
PubMed

Insights

A 9-year-old boy experienced acute myopericarditis during 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This rare cardiac complication highlights the need for vigilance in pediatric patients receiving this chemotherapy agent.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cardiotoxicology
  • Chemotherapy Adverse Events

Background:

  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare cancer in children.
  • 5-fluorouracil is a common chemotherapy agent used in various cancers.
  • Cardiac complications of 5-fluorouracil are well-documented in adults but rare in children.

Observation:

  • A 9-year-old boy with nasopharyngeal carcinoma received 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy.
  • After 90 hours of infusion, the patient developed severe retrosternal chest pain.
  • Electrocardiography revealed signs consistent with acute pericarditis.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with acute myopericarditis, a rare cardiac complication of 5-fluorouracil.
  • The 5-fluorouracil infusion was discontinued, and the patient was treated with ibuprofen.
  • This case represents a very rare instance of 5-fluorouracil-induced myopericarditis in a pediatric patient.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for 5-fluorouracil to cause severe cardiac events in children.
  • Pediatric oncologists should be aware of the risk of myopericarditis when administering 5-fluorouracil.
  • Further research may be needed to understand the mechanisms and risk factors for 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity in pediatric populations.

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