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Secondary instabilities modulate cortical complexity in the mammalian brain.

Silvia Budday1, Paul Steinmann1, Ellen Kuhl2

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Mammalian brain convolutions are crucial for cognitive function.
  • Primary brain folds are well-understood, forming prenatally.
  • Secondary brain folds are dynamic, variable, and poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms driving secondary brain folding.
  • To explain the increasing complexity of the brain surface with age.
  • To explore the link between secondary folding and neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nonlinear field theories of mechanics.
  • Incorporated the theory of finite growth.
  • Analyzed critical conditions for secondary instabilities.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that continuing growth leads to brain surface bifurcation.
  • Showed that secondary instabilities explain age-related increases in brain complexity.
  • Identified that small geometric variations significantly impact morphogenesis.
  • Linked secondary bifurcations to changes in neuronal connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Secondary instabilities are key to understanding dynamic brain surface morphogenesis.
  • Morphological changes during development correlate with neuronal connection dynamics.
  • Findings may inform diagnostics and treatment of neurological disorders.