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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Temporal transcriptomics suggest that twin-peaking genes reset the clock.

William G Pembroke1, Arran Babbs1, Kay E Davies1

  • 1MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Elife
|November 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) reveals seven times more rhythmic genes than previously known. A novel group of twin-peaking genes, crucial for light-induced clock resetting, was also identified.

Keywords:
circadian rhythmevolutionary biologygenomicsmouseneurosciencenon-coding RNAtranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates daily rhythms, but its transcriptional dynamics are not fully understood.
  • Circadian variation in gene expression within the SCN is critical for physiological and behavioral timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively map the circadian transcriptome of the mammalian SCN.
  • To identify novel patterns of gene expression and non-coding RNAs within the SCN over a 24-hour light/dark cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Laser-capture microdissection (LCM) combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns across a full 24-hour light/dark cycle in the SCN.

Main Results:

  • Identified a seven-fold increase in genes with sinusoidal circadian expression compared to previous studies.
  • Discovered 766 genes with a unique twin-peak expression pattern, enriched for synaptic transmission genes vital for clock phase shifting.
  • Characterized circadian variation in 341 intergenic non-coding RNAs and novel exons of protein-coding genes, including Cry1.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptional timing in the SCN plays a key role in gating circadian clock resetting mechanisms.
  • The findings provide a valuable resource for chronobiology research and deepen the understanding of SCN molecular function.