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Desired emotions across cultures: A value-based account
Maya Tamir1, Shalom H Schwartz1, Jan Cieciuch2
1Department of Psychology.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|November 3, 2015
Summary
People across cultures desire emotions aligning with their core values. This study found that values like self-transcendence correlate with wanting to feel empathy, while self-enhancement values link to desiring pride and anger.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Cross-cultural Psychology
- Affective Science
Background:
- Values shape desired emotional experiences, influencing how individuals want to feel.
- Prior research often focused on specific emotions, lacking a broader framework for desired affect.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and test a cross-cultural model where desired emotions are consistent with personal values.
- To investigate the relationship between broad value categories and desired emotional states across diverse cultures.
Main Methods:
- A preliminary study (N=200) examined causal links between values and desired emotions.
- The main study involved 8 cultural samples (N=2,328) to test the proposed value-emotion consistency model.
- Data analyzed to identify patterns between endorsed values and desired affective experiences.
Main Results:
- Across cultures, self-transcendence values predicted a desire for empathy and compassion.
- Self-enhancement values correlated with wanting to experience anger and pride.
- Openness to change values related to desiring interest and excitement, while conservation values linked to calmness and less fear.
- These findings held independently of actual emotional experiences.
Conclusions:
- A universal pattern exists where desired emotions align with core cultural values.
- This value-based account offers insights into emotion regulation, cultural norms, and individual differences in affective goals.
- Understanding desired emotions provides a crucial lens for psychological research and application.
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