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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
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Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
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The Corticohippocampal Circuit, Synaptic Plasticity, and Memory.

Jayeeta Basu1, Steven A Siegelbaum2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|November 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptic plasticity in the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus circuit enables memory formation. New insights reveal how circuit design and activity-dependent mechanisms regulate information flow for learning and adaptive behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Synaptic plasticity is fundamental for memory storage in the central nervous system.
  • The entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus are crucial for declarative memory formation and retrieval.
  • Understanding their interconnected circuit is key to cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the organization of information flow within the EC-hippocampal loop.
  • To highlight novel corticohippocampal and intrahippocampal connections.
  • To explore activity-dependent mechanisms driving synaptic plasticity and learning.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on EC-hippocampal circuitry.
  • Discussion of identified long-range and local microcircuits.
  • Analysis of activity-dependent mechanisms and associational plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Patterned activity and coincident inputs induce associational plasticity.
  • This plasticity regulates long-term information flow in the circuit.
  • Newly identified connections contribute significantly to learning processes.

Conclusions:

  • Circuit design and synaptic plasticity in the EC-hippocampal loop are vital for memory encoding.
  • Activity-dependent mechanisms fine-tune synaptic transmission for adaptive behaviors.
  • Sensory experiences shape this circuit to encode diverse memory types (spatial, episodic, social, contextual).