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Transgenerational Developmental Programming of Ovarian Reserve.

C E Aiken1,2, J L Tarry-Adkins1, S E Ozanne1

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Grandmaternal low-protein diet in rats accelerated reproductive aging in granddaughters. This resulted in reduced ovarian reserve and faster ovarian aging, impacting fertility across generations.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Developmental programming
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Adverse early-life environments can cause long-term health issues, affecting multiple generations.
  • The female reproductive tract is highly sensitive to early developmental influences.
  • Maternal diet during pregnancy can program offspring health and reproductive capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of grandmaternal suboptimal diet on the reproductive potential of granddaughters.
  • To assess reproductive aging markers in granddaughters exposed to a low-protein diet in their grandmothers, without direct dietary intervention in the daughters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a rat model with a low-protein diet administered to pregnant females (grandmothers).
  • Examined reproductive parameters, ovarian reserve, intra-abdominal fat, oxidative stress, mtDNA copy number, and telomere length in granddaughters.
  • Compared granddaughters exposed to grandmaternal low-protein diet with a control group.

Main Results:

  • Grandmaternal low-protein diet exposure led to decreased ovarian reserve in granddaughters.
  • Accelerated accumulation of oxidative stress and mtDNA copy number instability were observed in granddaughters' ovaries.
  • Ovarian telomere length declined more rapidly in exposed granddaughters, indicating accelerated reproductive tract aging.

Conclusions:

  • Suboptimal grandmaternal diet during pregnancy accelerates reproductive aging across subsequent generations.
  • These findings highlight the transgenerational impact of early nutrition on female fertility.
  • Implications for understanding age-related fertility decline and delayed childbearing trends.