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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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The brain dynamics of linguistic computation.

Elliot Murphy1

  • 1Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London London, UK.

Frontiers in Psychology
|November 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The human language faculty may originate from preserved mammalian brain rhythms, not just genes. This new model links brain dynamics to linguistic computation, proposing a "Basic Label" theory for future research.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Neural oscillations are linked to cognitive functions.
  • Neuronal assemblies form via temporal correlations.
  • Existing models explore language faculty operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Propose a new model of linguistic computation based on neural dynamics.
  • Investigate the neurobiological basis of the human
  • cognome
  • the set of computations performed by the nervous system.
  • Explore the role of brain rhythms in linguistic structure computation.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of elementary language operations (labeling, concatenation, cyclic transfer) alongside neural dynamics.
Keywords:
alphabetabiolinguisticsdynomegammaneural oscillationssyntaxtheta

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  • Application of computational-representational theories.
  • Analysis of existing cartographic research on linguistic interpretation localization.
  • Main Results:

    • A new model of linguistic computation is proposed, linking brain rhythms to Universal Grammar.
    • The study suggests brain rhythms, not solely the genome, are the biological source of language universality.
    • A
    • Basic Label
    • model of the human cognome-dynome is introduced, offering empirical predictions.

    Conclusions:

    • Mammalian brain rhythms are proposed as the foundation for linguistic computation.
    • The
    • cognome
    • -dynome
    • framework offers new directions for understanding brain dynamics in language.
    • The study differentiates explanation depths in computational approaches to language.