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Polyamines function in stress tolerance: from synthesis to regulation.

Ji-Hong Liu1, Wei Wang1, Hao Wu1

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Plants utilize polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, as crucial metabolites for adapting to environmental stresses. These compounds enhance plant stress tolerance by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant systems.

Keywords:
ROSabiotic stressantioxidantpolyaminepolyamine biosynthesistranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plants face biotic and abiotic stresses impacting growth and distribution.
  • Adaptive strategies include accumulating protective metabolites.
  • Low-molecular-weight aliphatic polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) are key stress-response metabolites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of polyamines in plant stress tolerance.
  • To discuss the evidence supporting polyamine function in stress adaptation.
  • To explore the transcriptional regulation of polyamine synthesis and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on polyamines and plant stress.
  • Analysis of evidence including gene expression, enzyme activity, and exogenous polyamine application.
  • Examination of polyamine's role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and antioxidant systems.

Main Results:

  • Polyamines are essential for plant survival under adverse conditions.
  • Stress induces polyamine biosynthetic gene expression and enzyme activity.
  • Elevated polyamine levels enhance stress tolerance, while reduced levels compromise it.
  • Polyamines modulate ROS homeostasis and regulate antioxidant systems.

Conclusions:

  • Polyamines are vital for plant stress tolerance through ROS modulation.
  • Transcriptional regulation of polyamine synthesis is a key factor in stress response.
  • Further research into polyamine pathways offers potential for agricultural applications.