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Acremonium Pneumonia: Case Report and Literature Review

Atefeh Fakharian1, Atosa Dorudinia2, Ilad Alavi Darazam1

  • 1Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Tanaffos
|November 4, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Acremonium species rarely cause lung infections in healthy individuals. This report details a unique case of non-resolving pneumonia caused by Acremonium in a diabetic patient, highlighting rare pulmonary infections.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Acremonium species are known to cause superficial human infections like mycetoma, onychomycosis, and keratitis.
  • Systemic infections with Acremonium are infrequently reported, primarily in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Isolated pulmonary infections in immunocompetent hosts are exceptionally rare in existing literature.

Observation:

  • A 59-year-old diabetic male presented with persistent, non-resolving pneumonia.
  • Diagnostic investigations confirmed the causative agent to be Acremonium species.
  • This presentation is unusual given the patient's otherwise healthy status.

Findings:

  • This case represents the first documented instance of isolated pulmonary infection by Acremonium species in an immunocompetent host.
  • A comprehensive review of published clinical cases of Acremonium systemic and respiratory tract infections was conducted.
  • The findings underscore the potential for Acremonium to cause severe respiratory disease even in non-immunocompromised individuals.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of clinical manifestations for Acremonium infections.
  • It emphasizes the importance of considering less common fungal pathogens in the differential diagnosis of persistent pneumonia.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the pathogenesis and treatment strategies for pulmonary Acremonium infections.
Keywords:
AcremoniumDiabetesImmunocompromised hostPneumoniaSystemic infection

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