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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
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Sequence Variation in the Response Element Determines Binding by the Transcription Factor p73.

Ana Ramos1, Pui-Wah Tse1, Jessie Wang1

  • 1Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, D.F. 04510, Mexico.

Biochemistry
|November 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The p73 transcription factor

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences.
  • The p73 transcription factor controls key cellular processes like development and apoptosis.
  • Understanding transcription factor binding is crucial for deciphering gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how variations in DNA response element sequences affect p73 DNA-binding domain affinity.
  • To identify critical nucleotide positions within p73 response elements that dictate binding.
  • To elucidate the hierarchical nature of transcription factor-DNA interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Sedimentation velocity experiments to assess DNA-protein complex formation.
  • Fluorescence anisotropy assays to quantify DNA binding affinity.
  • Systematic sequence variations in p73 half-site response elements.

Main Results:

  • Nucleotide sequence significantly impacts p73 DNA-binding domain affinity.
  • Cytosine at the fourth position of each quarter-site is the primary determinant of binding.
  • The fifth position and purine preference in the first three positions also influence binding.
  • A hierarchical model of binding is proposed based on nucleotide position importance.

Conclusions:

  • The sequence of DNA response elements critically influences transcription factor binding affinity.
  • Specific nucleotide positions within the response element play differential roles in binding.
  • Findings support a hierarchical model for p73 transcription factor binding to DNA.