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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
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[Frontier in bone biology].

Shu Takeda

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |November 5, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Bone remodeling involves balancing bone formation and resorption. Recent research reveals molecular mechanisms, the role of osteocytes, and the influence of neurons and neuropeptides on bone homeostasis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular biology
    • Bone physiology
    • Metabolism

    Context:

    • Bone mass regulation relies on the balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption, a process known as coupling.
    • Recent molecular biology advances have elucidated the intricate mechanisms governing this coupling.
    • Osteocytes, once considered passive cells, are now recognized for their fundamental role in maintaining bone mass and influencing whole-body metabolism.

    Purpose:

    • To summarize recent advances in understanding bone remodeling and homeostasis.
    • To highlight the molecular mechanisms of bone formation and resorption coupling.
    • To discuss the emerging roles of osteocytes and neural factors in bone metabolism.

    Summary:

    • Bone remodeling is a dynamic process regulated by the coupling of bone formation and resorption.
    • Molecular bone biology has uncovered key mechanisms underlying this coupling.
    • Osteocytes play a crucial role in bone mass maintenance and systemic metabolism.
    • Neurons and neuropeptides are newly identified regulators of bone homeostasis through inter-organ networks.

    Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge in bone biology.
    • Identifies key molecular players and cellular functions in bone remodeling.
    • Suggests novel therapeutic targets for bone-related diseases by understanding neural and osteocyte involvement.