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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

7.6K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

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[Bone mineral density measurement].

Masako Ito

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |November 5, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measure bone mineral density (BMD). High-resolution peripheral QCT uniquely assesses bone microstructure in vivo.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Orthopedics
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Bone mineral density (BMD) assessment is crucial for osteoporosis diagnosis and monitoring.
    • Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a standard X-ray-based method.
    • Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) offers volumetric BMD and geometric data from 3D CT images.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the capabilities of advanced bone imaging techniques.
    • To emphasize the role of QCT in evaluating osteoporosis pathophysiology and treatment efficacy.
    • To introduce high-resolution peripheral QCT (HR-pQCT) for detailed bone microstructure analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing X-ray and gamma-ray technologies for BMD measurement.
    • Employing DXA as a standard diagnostic tool.

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  • Leveraging QCT for volumetric and geometric bone analysis.
  • Implementing HR-pQCT for in vivo assessment of bone microstructure.

    • Main Results:

    • DXA provides standard BMD measurements for osteoporosis management.
    • QCT yields volumetric BMD and geometric information, aiding in pathophysiology and treatment evaluation.
    • HR-pQCT enables high-resolution in vivo assessment of cancellous and cortical bone microstructure in the radius and tibia.

    Conclusions:

    • QCT provides comprehensive bone assessment beyond standard BMD.
    • HR-pQCT is the sole in vivo modality capable of detailed bone microstructure evaluation.
    • These advanced imaging techniques enhance osteoporosis diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic research.