Basic and Clinical Research Against Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs): New Compounds to Tackle Cardiovascular
Antonio Nenna, Cristiano Spadaccio, Mario Lusini
1Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord de Saint-Denis, 36 Rue des Moulins, Gémeaux, 93200 Saint-Denis, France. francesconappi2@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and recent advances in research indicate that a detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of its effects is mandatory to reduce diabetes-related mortality and morbidity. Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) play a central role in the genesis and progression of complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and have been found to be important even in non-diabetic patients as a marker of cardiovascular disease. AGEs have a profound impact on patient's prognosis regardless of the glycemic control, and therefore pharmacologic approaches against AGEs accumulation have been proposed over the years to treat cardiovascular diseases, parallel to a more detailed understanding of AGEs pathophysiology. Compounds with anti-AGEs effects are currently under investigation in both pre-clinical and clinical scenarios, and many of the drugs previously used to treat specific diseases have been found to have AGE-inhibitory effects. Some products are still in "bench evaluation", whereas others have been already investigated in clinical trials with conflicting evidences. This review aims at summarizing the mechanisms of AGEs formation and accumulation, and the most relevant issues in pre-clinical and clinical experiences in anti-AGEs treatment in cardiovascular research.
Insights
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) are key in diabetes complications and cardiovascular disease. Targeting AGEs accumulation offers a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases, independent of glycemic control.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Endocrinology
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
- Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) are implicated in diabetes complications and CVD, even in non-diabetic individuals.
- Understanding AGEs pathophysiology is crucial for reducing diabetes-related mortality and morbidity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of AGEs formation and accumulation.
- To summarize pre-clinical and clinical findings on anti-AGEs treatments for cardiovascular diseases.
- To discuss the challenges and future directions in targeting AGEs for CVD management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pre-clinical and clinical studies on AGEs.
- Analysis of the role of AGEs in diabetes and cardiovascular pathophysiology.
- Evaluation of pharmacologic approaches targeting AGEs accumulation.
Main Results:
- AGEs play a central role in the development and progression of diabetic complications and CVD.
- Anti-AGEs compounds show potential therapeutic effects, with some drugs exhibiting inhibitory properties.
- Clinical trial evidence for anti-AGEs therapies in CVD is currently conflicting.
Conclusions:
- Targeting AGEs represents a promising strategy for managing cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.
- Further research is needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of anti-AGEs treatments in clinical settings.
- Pharmacologic interventions against AGEs may offer benefits regardless of glycemic control in CVD patients.
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