Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

24.2K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
24.2K
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

21.0K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
21.0K
Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations03:18

Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations

29.7K
Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
29.7K
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating02:48

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

40.6K
Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
40.6K
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

15.2K
The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons are bound...
15.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

3.6K
The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession,...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

3D - pored Ixora Coccinea Linn. extracted nanocellulose-curcumin composites for tissue engineering applications.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same author

Monitoring the photosynthetic activity at single-cell level in <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i>.

Photosynthetica·2024
Same author

Single-cell microfluidics in combination with chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence measurements to assess the lifetime of the <i>Chlamydomonas</i> PSBO protein.

Photosynthetica·2024
Same author

Assessing the impact of climate change on reproductive health: A content analysis of climate journalism coverage.

African journal of reproductive health·2024
Same author

Expanded carrier screening for inherited genetic disease using exome and genome sequencing.

Journal of genetic counseling·2024
Same author

Clinical efficacy of the virtual fracture clinic: analysis of 17,269 referrals by type of injury.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England·2022
Same journal

LIST OF REVIEWERS FOR 2025.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
Same journal

Development of CaSO4: Dy-based ring badge for extremity dose monitoring of radiation workers in India.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
Same journal

A proposal for a differentiated radiation protection program for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants compared to the operation of nuclear power plants.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
Same journal

A three-dimensional neutron localization method based on double-scattering imaging and reconstruction algorithm.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
Same journal

Effect of 131I biodistribution on measurements using a scanning whole-body counter.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
Same journal

Activity concentration of 137Cs and natural radionuclides in soil around the Belarusian nuclear power plant in the pre-commissioning period.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis
09:51

Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis

Published on: January 30, 2018

8.6K

ENHANCED RADIOACTIVE CONTENT OF 'BALANCE' BRACELETS.

S Tsroya1, O Pelled2, A Abraham2

  • 1Nuclear Research Centre Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel tsroya1969@walla.com.

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|November 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A worker

More Related Videos

Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass
04:36

Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass

Published on: January 4, 2016

10.0K
Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
09:23

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Published on: June 21, 2015

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis
09:51

Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis

Published on: January 30, 2018

8.6K
Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass
04:36

Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass

Published on: January 4, 2016

10.0K
Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
09:23

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Published on: June 21, 2015

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Radiological protection
  • Environmental radioactivity
  • Occupational health

Background:

  • Normally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) is present in many consumer products.
  • The radioactivity levels in common synthetic rubber and silicone items are often unregulated.
  • Routine monitoring can detect unexpected sources of radiation exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the source of abnormal radioactivity detected during a worker's whole body count.
  • To quantify the radioactivity levels of Thorium-232 and Uranium-238 in a consumer product.
  • To assess the associated radiation dose from wearing the contaminated item.

Main Methods:

  • Whole body counting of a nuclear worker.
  • Direct gamma spectrometry analysis of a rubber bracelet using a high-purity germanium system.
  • Radiation dose rate estimation for the wrist surface and center.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal levels of Thorium-232 (10.80 ± 1.37 Bq g⁻¹) and natural Uranium-238 (5.68 ± 0.88 Bq g⁻¹) were identified in a rubber bracelet.
  • The bracelet significantly exceeded typical NORM average values.
  • Estimated annual doses to the wrist ranged from 21 to 34 mGy.

Conclusions:

  • Consumer products like rubber bracelets can contain unexpectedly high levels of NORM.
  • Uncontrolled radioactivity in widely used synthetic materials poses a risk of unjustified radiation exposure.
  • Increased regulatory oversight and material screening are necessary for consumer goods.